We would kindly ask authors to pay attention to the following summary when preparing papers:

• Paper size is European A4.
• Margins are 4cm (top), 2.5cm (left and right) and 2.7cm (bottom).
• The paper includes the author name and affiliation (full address including country).
• There are no page numbers, or headers and footers, within the paper.
• The paper is free of formatting errors (e.g. corrupt equations, missing or low-resolution figures). For writing equations, we recommend authors to use MathType instead of Microsoft Equation.
• Text is single spaced, not double spaced.
• The paper is editable and not password protected.
• Reference lists are checked for accuracy. References can only be linked via Crossref if they are correct and complete.
• Figures are placed within the text, not collected at the end of the document.
• A thorough proofread is conducted to check the standard of English and ensure wording is clear and concise.

Guidelines and Template

Essential guidelines

Please follow these essential guidelines when preparing your paper:

• Basic guidelines for preparing a paper
• Guidelines for preparing reference lists

Templates

Authors must prepare their papers using IOP Publishing’s Microsoft Word or LaTeX2e templates for submission:

• Microsoft Word templates
• LaTeX2e class file

Multimedia

If you would like to submit multimedia to accompany your paper, you might find these guidelines useful:

• Multimedia guidelines